Develop Reference

Is it possible to call a non-final function in constructor?

I'm developing a huge section of my Android app in Jetpack Compose with the MVVM pattern.
I have a ViewModel father that is extended by all the other ViewModels. There, I have defined an open function which contains the initialization logic of each ViewModel that I need to call every time I enter in a new screen and to call again when something went wrong and the user clicks on the "try again" button.
abstract class MyFatherViewModel(): ViewModel() {
open fun myInitMethod() {}
fun onTryAgainClick() {
myInitMethod()
}
}
class MyScreen1ViewModel(): MyFatherViewModel() {
init {
myInitMethod()
}
override fun myInitMethod() {
super.myInitMethod()
// Do something
}
}
class MyScreen2ViewModel(): MyFatherViewModel() {
init {
myInitMethod()
}
override fun myInitMethod() {
super.myInitMethod()
// Do something
}
}
Is there a way I can call this method in the init function of MyFatherViewModel instead of doing it in all the children ViewModels? If I try to do that, it gives me the "Calling non-final function in constructor" warning and, of course, it doesn't work.
abstract class MyFatherViewModel(): ViewModel() {
open fun myInitMethod() {}
init {
myInitMethod()
}
fun onTryAgainClick() {
myInitMethod()
}
}

Is it possible to call a non-final function in constructor?
Technically yes, but you shouldn't. Kotlin is trying to protect you from problems here. If you call an open function from a constructor, it means you are running code from the child class before the parent class is completely initialized, and before the child class even started initializing. If the child implementation of the open function tries to access properties from the child class, unexpected things may happen. For instance, non-nullable properties could yield null (because not initialized yet), or primitive values could yield their type's default instead of the default value from their initializer:
fun main() {
Child()
}
open class Parent {
init {
initialize()
}
val id = 42
open fun initialize() = println("parent init")
}
class Child : Parent() {
val name = "Bob"
override fun initialize() = println("initializing $name, parent id=$id")
}
This prints the following output:
initializing null, parent id=0
I guess you can see why this is dangerous.
Maybe you should reconsider what you're trying to do with this try-again feature. Maybe a new view model should be instantiated instead (if try-again is to handle crashes, the state of the current view model may actually be bad enough to want to re-create it from scratch anyway).

Using capture and mocks to unit test a class

I am trying to unit test the following class:
class UserProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp #Inject constructor(private val analyticsProvider: AnalyticsProvider) : UserProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCase {
override fun execute(cdsCustomer: CDSCustomer) {
with(analyticsProvider) {
log(AnalyticEvent.UserId(cdsCustomer.id.toString()))
log(AnalyticEvent.UserEmail(cdsCustomer.email))
}
}
}
And this is my unit test:
class UserProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImpTest {
private lateinit var userProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp: UserProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp
private val analyticsProviders: AnalyticsProvider = mock()
#Before
fun setUp() {
userProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp = UserProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp(analyticsProviders)
}
#Test
fun `should send analytic event`() {
// Arrange
val cdsCustomer = CDSCustomer(
id = Random.nextInt(0, 100000),
email = UUID.randomUUID().toString())
val userIdCapture= argumentCaptor<AnalyticEvent.UserId>()
val userEmailCapture= argumentCaptor<AnalyticEvent.UserEmail>()
// Act
userProfileDetailsAnalyticUseCaseImp.execute(cdsCustomer)
// Assert
verify(analyticsProviders, atLeastOnce()).log(userIdCapture.capture())
verify(analyticsProviders, atLeastOnce()).log(userEmailCapture.capture())
assertThat(userIdCapture.firstValue.userId).isEqualTo(cdsCustomer.id.toString())
assertThat(userEmailCapture.firstValue.email).isEqualTo(cdsCustomer.email)
}
}
The error I get is the following:
AnalyticEvent$UserId cannot be cast to AnalyticEvent$UserEmail
I am suspecting that because class under test is creating a new object for each log method they will not be the same for the verified methods in the unit test
i.e log(AnalyticEvent.UserId(cdsCustomer.id.toString()))
As a new AnaltyicEvent.UserId will be created and just for the same AnalyticProvider mock
Many thanks for any suggetions

In the documentation of ArgumentCaptor we can read that:
This utility class doesn't do any type checks. The generic
signatures are only there to avoid casting in your code.
Moreover CapturingMatcher which is used for collecting captured arguments has a method which matches all objects:
public boolean matches(Object argument) {
return true;
}
It means that it is normal behaviour and even when we specify concrete type of captor it will record all arguments passed.
Of course all these arguments have to inherit from the same base class because in other case capture method will cause compilation error.
So, both your captors record two arguments.
To fix class cast exception for your test you can assert secondValue for email.
assertThat(userEmailCapture.secondValue.email).isEqualTo(cdsCustomer.email)
You can also stop using argument captors and simply verify invocations of log method.
verify(analyticsProviders).log(AnalyticEvent.UserId(cdsCustomer.id.toString()))
verify(analyticsProviders).log(AnalyticEvent.UserEmail(cdsCustomer.email))

How to avoid memory leaks due to custom static handler class?

I have certain memory leaks happening in my custom handler class ,but not sure how to fix it. checkedout a couple of examples online but nothing is specific to my code so not sure how to go about it :
private val startupCallback = object: RetryCallback(NUMBER, DELAY) {
override fun onRetry(retryCount: Int) {
mySdkApi.applicationStartup(this)
}
override fun onCompleted(): Boolean {
updateStatus(Callback.Status.StartUpSDK)
return true
}
override fun onFailed(e: MyException?) {
updateStatus(Callback.Status.StartUpSDK, "", e)
}
}
Android studio keeps prompting "This handler class should be static or leaks might occur".Any ideas how to go about it?

The Android Studio complaining is pretty reasonable. The problem is that anonymous classes capture reference to the parent class that they were created in.
There are basically two solutions the "not pretty" and the ugly.) Both of them are about WeakReference.
#1 The not pretty solution is to make a class that will take a weak ref
class ApiRetryCallback(activity: Activity): RetryCallback(NUMBER, DELAY) {
private val weakActivity = WeakReference(activity)
override fun onRetry(retryCount: Int) {
weakActivity.get()!!.mySdkApi.applicationStartup(this) //or weakThis.get()? to swallow null cases
}
override fun onCompleted(): Boolean {
weakActivity.get()!!.updateStatus(Callback.Status.StartUpSDK)
return true
}
override fun onFailed(e: MyException?) {
weakActivity.get()!!.updateStatus(Callback.Status.StartUpSDK, "", e)
}
}
In activity:
private val startupCallback = ApiRetryCallback(this) //this is MainActivity here
#2 The ugly solution is based on a fact that lambdas should capture parent reference, only where there is a direct usage of it. So I came up with this substitution and I didn't see strong references in a debugger but you should check that:
private val startupCallback = {
val weakActivity = WeakReference(this#MainActivity)
object : RetryCallback(NUMBER, DELAY) { //returned as last expression
override fun onRetry(retryCount: Int) {
weakActivity.get()!!.mySdkApi.applicationStartup(this) //or weakThis.get()? to swallow null cases
}
//....else methods....
}
}()
Here the lambda will be called immediately and will capture only the weak reference inside the object, also it will return the last expression wich is object.
#3 While I was writing, I came up with a third solution, which is close to #2
private val startupCallback = WeakReference(this).let { //this here is MainActivity
val weakActivity = it //it of let scope wich is WeakReference
object : RetryCallback(NUMBER, DELAY) { //returned as last expression
override fun onRetry(retryCount: Int) {
weakActivity.get()!!.mySdkApi.applicationStartup(this) //or weakThis.get()? to swallow null cases
}
//....else methods....
}
}

Anonymous classes (like yours) are non static. You can replace anonymous class with the normal class (just create class extending RetryCallback) and pass all needed objects as constructor arguments.

How to check if the result of an expression is used in a custom Android lint rule

I'm trying to write a lint rule to catch places where the result of an RxJava2 function is not used in anyway. For example:
final Observable<String> observable = getObservable();
observable.subscribe(this::onSuccess, this::onError);
In RxJava2, the subscribe function returns a Disposable that should be used to unsubscribe if the program/class instance "finishes" in some way in order to prevent memory leaks. I want to fail my build if any occurences like this are found.
This particular method (and all of the other ones I'm interested in) is annotated with io.reactivex.annotations.CheckReturnValue:
#CheckReturnValue
#SchedulerSupport(SchedulerSupport.NONE)
public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError) {
return subscribe(onNext, onError, Functions.EMPTY_ACTION, Functions.emptyConsumer());
}
My plan is to write a custom lint rule that:
Searches for expressions that return the result of a method annotated with io.reactivex.annotations.CheckReturnValue
Filter the searches down to only expressions whose result is never used
For example, here are some cases that should not fail:
final CompositeDisposable compositeDisposable = new CompositeDisposable();
// Result of subscribe passed into another function
compositeDisposable.add(observable.subscribe(this::onSuccess, this::onError).dispose());
// Result of subscribe stored in a variable
final Disposable disposable = observable.subscribe(this::onSuccess, this::onError);
// Result of subscribe used
observable.subscribe(this::onSuccess, this::onError).dispose();
I've managed to write a lint rule that finds instances of call expressions where the result is annotated with CheckReturnValue, but I'm struggling to figure out how to use the JetBrains UAST/PSI APIs to work out if the result is used. This is my rule so far:
class RxJava2CheckReturnValueMethodNotAssigned : Detector(), Detector.UastScanner {
override fun getApplicableUastTypes() = listOf(UCallExpression::class.java)
override fun createUastHandler(context: JavaContext) = CheckReturnValueVisitor(context)
class CheckReturnValueVisitor(private val context: JavaContext) : UElementHandler() {
override fun visitCallExpression(node: UCallExpression) {
val method = node.resolve() ?: return
if (!isCheckReturnValueAnnotatedMethod(method)) {
return
}
if (!isResultOfCallUsed(node)) {
return
}
reportIssue(node)
}
private fun isCheckReturnValueAnnotatedMethod(method: PsiMethod): Boolean {
return context.evaluator.getAllAnnotations(method, true)
.any { "io.reactivex.annotations.CheckReturnValue" == it.qualifiedName }
}
private fun isResultOfCallUsed(node: UCallExpression): Boolean {
// Need to check is the result of the expression is used in some way
return false
}
private fun reportIssue(node: UCallExpression) {
// SNIP...
}
}
}
This currently doesn't work because it reports all usages of any function annotated with CheckReturnValue.

As far as I know, node.resolve() often return null

Remove "this" callback in kotlin

I'm a bit kotlin newbie and I'm trying to remove the callback instance inside the callback itself.
What I'm trying to achieve it's something similar to the following code.
private val myCallback = SomeInterfaceType {
if(it.something) {
someObject.removeListener(this#SomeInterfaceType)
}
}
Of course it doesn't compile or else I wouldn't be asking here. So I ask, how to remove the callback from inside the instance of the interface?
edit:
the error is "inferred type is X but Y was expected.
edit 2: I just realized I've asked the wrong question, it's similar to it but not exactly a Interface.
The object I'm using have the following constructor/interface
public open class Watcher<T> public constructor(call: (T) -> kotlin.Unit)
so in reality I'm trying to reference the Watcher from inside the call: (T) -> kotlin.Unit to remove the listener.
Is that possible?

You need to use a full object expression syntax to refer to be able to refer to the instance itself:
private val myCallback = object: SomeInterfaceType() {
override fun onSomeEvent() {
if (it.something) {
someObject.removeListener(this)
}
}
}

There's also a workaround: wrap the reference to myCallback into a lambda passed to a function that calls it (e.g. run { ... }):
private val myCallback: SomeInterfaceType = SomeInterfaceType {
if (it.something) {
someObject.removeListener(run { myCallback })
}
}