Develop Reference

How to get path /storage/emulated/0/Download/file_name.mime_type for Android 10 and above

I am saving a file inside the Downloads directory of the device (Android 11) to be viewed later by my app. I'm allowing multiple file types like pdf, word etc. I was able to save the file like this: (I got this code sample from here)
#TargetApi(29)
private suspend fun downloadQ(
url: String,
filename: String,
mimeType: String
) =
withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
val response = ok.newCall(Request.Builder().url(url).build()).execute()
if (response.isSuccessful) {
val values = ContentValues().apply {
put(MediaStore.Downloads.DISPLAY_NAME, filename)
put(MediaStore.Downloads.MIME_TYPE, mimeType)
put(MediaStore.Downloads.IS_PENDING, 1)
}
val resolver = context.contentResolver
val uri =
resolver.insert(MediaStore.Downloads.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values)
uri?.let {
resolver.openOutputStream(uri)?.use { outputStream ->
val sink = outputStream.sink().buffer()
response.body()?.source()?.let { sink.writeAll(it) }
sink.close()
}
values.clear()
values.put(MediaStore.Downloads.IS_PENDING, 0)
resolver.update(uri, values, null, null)
} ?: throw RuntimeException("MediaStore failed for some reason")
} else {
throw RuntimeException("OkHttp failed for some reason")
}
}
But when I tried to retrieve the file, I tried with the following ways that did not work:
val idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Downloads._ID)
val id = cursor.getLong(idColumn)
Log.d("uri id ","$id")
val contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MediaStore.Downloads.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,id)
This approach threw an exception:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /external/downloads/78
I got this ID (here 78) from the query and cursor from ContentResolver.query() and I hoped it to return the Uri from which I could get the File.
The second approach was this:
val uri = MediaStore.Downloads.getContentUri("external",id)
uri.path?.let { filePath ->
Log.d("uri path ",filePath)
val file = File(filePath)
} ?: Log.d("uri path ","null")
I used external as the directory based on this answer, but this approach also threw the same exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to find configured root that contains /external/downloads/78
At the end what ended up working was hardcoding something like this after I used a file explorer app to view the exact directory path:
val file = File("storage/emulated/0/Download/$name.$extension")
So my question is, how do I get the value of this path dynamically, and is this path the same for all devices that can be used like this way?
EDIT: I also wanted to know if I am using the filename and it's extension to view the file, then if user downloads another file with same name then how do I make sure that correct file is opened? (even if i make a separate directory for my app inside Download, user could still download the same file twice that has a name like storage/emulated/0/Download/myDir/file(2).extension )

Try with the following code it will help you.
private fun readFile(){
val FILENAME = "user_details.txt"
val dir = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
File(
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS)
.toString() + "/" + "folderName"
)
} else {
File(
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
.toString() + "/${Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS}/" + "folderName"
)
}
dir.apply {
if(this.exists()) File(this, FILENAME).apply {
FileInputStream(this).apply {
val stringBuffer = StringBuffer()
var i: Int
while (this.read().also { i = it } != -1) {
stringBuffer.append(i.toChar())
}
close()
}
}
}
}

You can use
{Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS} + "/folderName/file_name.mime_type"

/storage/emulated/0/Download/12d82c65-00a5-4c0a-85bc-238c28005c33.bin

Wrong image name and type when saving bitmap Android 8

I have a fun that saves bitmap as PNG or JPG (both not working), but seems like using content values not working as expected.
File name is incorrect.
File type is incorrect.
What am I missing ?
Works on Android 10, but not working on Android 8
fun Bitmap.save(context: Context) {
val contentResolver = context.contentResolver
val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, "test.png")
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.TITLE, "test")
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/png")
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.IS_PENDING, 1)
}
}
val contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
val uri = contentResolver.insert(contentUri, contentValues)
if (uri != null) {
try {
contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(uri, "w", null)?.use {
if (it.fileDescriptor != null) {
with(FileOutputStream(it.fileDescriptor)) {
compress(
Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG,
DEFAULT_IMAGE_QUALITY,
this
)
flush()
close()
}
}
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
contentValues.clear()
contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.IS_PENDING, 0)
contentResolver.update(uri, contentValues, null, null)
}
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, arrayOf(uri.toString()), null, null)
}
recycle()
}
Actual file name is 1592205828045 (some timestamp)
Actual file type is jpg with 0B - as it was not saved properly ?

You will have to maintain 2 different ways of saving images to shared storage. This post covers it quite well. Using Media Store API in older phones results in the problem you have described. Some code sample for you (tested in Android 8, 10, and 11).
Add these to your manifest
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<!-- File save functions handles this -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
android:maxSdkVersion="28"
tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
Add a permission check to your app (code not provided)
When you are ready with your bitmap call either of these functions (depending on the SDK version of the phone that the app is currently running on)
//TODO - bitmap needs null check
val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(bitmapFile.canonicalPath)
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
{
saveBitmapPreQ(bitmap)
} else {
saveBitmapPostQ(bitmap)
}
Finally these are the implementations of saveBitmapPreQ and saveBitmapPostQ
#Suppress("DEPRECATION") // Check is preformed on function call
private fun saveBitmapPreQ(thisBitmap: Bitmap){
Log.d("HOME_4", "in pre Q")
val pictureDirectory =
File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
"MyFolder")
if (!pictureDirectory.exists()){
pictureDirectory.mkdir()
}
val dateTimeStamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(Date())
val name = "Image_$dateTimeStamp"
val bitmapFile = File(pictureDirectory, "$name.png")
try {
val fileOutputStream = bitmapFile.outputStream()
thisBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, fileOutputStream)
fileOutputStream.flush()
fileOutputStream.close()
} catch (e: Exception) {
Log.d("HOME_5", "Pre Q error $e")
}
}
private fun saveBitmapPostQ(thisBitmap: Bitmap){
Log.d("HOME_6", "in post Q")
val dateTimeStamp = SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(Date())
val name = "Image_$dateTimeStamp"
val relativePath = Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES + File.separator + "MyFolder"
val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/png")
put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.TITLE, name)
put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, relativePath)
}
val contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
var outputStream: OutputStream? = null
var uri: Uri? = null
try {
uri = contentResolver.insert(contentUri, contentValues)
if (uri == null){
throw IOException("Failed to create new MediaStore record.")
}
outputStream = contentResolver.openOutputStream(uri)
if (outputStream == null){
throw IOException("Failed to get output stream.")
}
if (!thisBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, outputStream)){
throw IOException("Failed to save bitmap.")
}
} catch (e: IOException){
if (uri != null)
{
contentResolver.delete(uri, null, null)
}
throw IOException(e)
}
finally {
outputStream?.close()
}
}
I have left log messages in there to help you understand the flow. In the saveBitmapPostQ funtions I have taken a few shortcuts. Please read this post under the headding Creating a New File on how you can improve that function further.

You are creating the file, but you still need to write your Bitmap to it:
fun Bitmap.save(context: Context) {
...
val bitmap = this
val maxImageQuality = 100
val uri = contentResolver.insert(contentUri, contentValues)
if (uri != null) {
try {
contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(uri, "w", null)?.use {
if (it.fileDescriptor != null) {
with(FileOutputStream(it.fileDescriptor)) {
bitmap.compress(
Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG,
maxImageQuality, this
)
flush()
close()
}
}
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
// release pending status of the file
contentValues.clear()
contentValues.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.IS_PENDING, 0)
contentResolver.update(uri, contentValues, null, null)
// notify media scanner there's a new picture
MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, arrayOf(uri.toString()), null, null)
}
// don't forget to recycle the bitmap when you don't need it any longer
bitmap.recycle()
}

File found using android MediaStore but BitmapFactory unable to decode it with path returned from MediaStore

I have searched high and low and not found an answer to my particular question, I hope someone can help.
I am developing this for Android 9 and above, the code I use for older releases works fine.
It's quite simple, I have stored an image in the MediaStore, I have found the image in the media store, I return its path, I check the path exists and it does, it also has a correct size and is visible in the android Gallery. So why when I try to open it with
val bitmap2 = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(fullPath)
bitmap2 comes back as null - no errors are generated by the above command. The parseAllImages function was taken from the web and tweaked slightly but seems to work ok as far as I can tell.
sample code
private fun setPic() {
if (mediaPath.isNotEmpty()) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
val content = GalleryAdd.parseAllImages(requireActivity(), mediaPath)
val fullPath = content
if (File(fullPath).exists()) {
val tester = File(fullPath).length()
val bitmap2 = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(fullPath)
viewModel.setBitmap(bitmap2)
}
}
}
}
fun parseAllImages(act : Activity, name : String) : String {
try {
val projection =
arrayOf(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
val cursor = act.contentResolver.query(
MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
projection, // Which columns to return
null, // Return all rows
null,
null
)
val size: Int = cursor!!.getCount()
/******* If size is 0, there are no images on the SD Card. */
if (size == 0) {
} else {
val thumbID = 0
if (cursor != null) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
val file_ColumnIndex: Int =
cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA)
/**************** Captured image details */
/***** Used to show image on view in LoadImagesFromSDCard class */
val idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID)
val path: String = cursor.getString(file_ColumnIndex)
val fileName =
path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1, path.length)
if (fileName == name)
{
return path
}
}
}
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
return ""
}
Code snippet I use to write to the media store
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
val resolver: ContentResolver = activity.contentResolver
val contentValues = ContentValues()
contentValues.put(
MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME,
fileName
)
contentValues.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpg")
contentValues.put(
MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH,
Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES + File.separator + "fishy"
)
val imageUri: Uri? =
resolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues)
val tester = imageUri.toString() + File.separator + Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES + File.separator + "fishy" + File.separator + fileName
scanLoc = fileName
fos = resolver.openOutputStream(imageUri!!)!!
val file = File(currentPhotoPath)
val ins: InputStream = file.inputStream()
ins.copyTo(fos)
}
Any help or can someone point me to sample code that can read a jpg image from the mediastore given it's name? It's not production ready so please forgive lack of error checks.
Thanks
Lee.

Store Image via Android Media Store in new Folder

I am using the following to store images created in my app in the gallery of Android:
MediaStore.Images.Media.insertImage(contentResolver, bitmap, "SomeTitle", "Description");
This will store the images in the Picture-Device-Folder and add them to the Gallery.
I now want to create a specific image folder for my app, so that images are stored in the folder "MyApp" instead of "Picture". How can I do that?

I found the solution hidden here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/57265702/289782
I will quote it here since the original question is rather old and the great answer by User Bao Lei is ranked rather low.
There were several different ways to do it before API 29 (Android Q) but all of them involved one or a few APIs that are deprecated with Q. In 2019, here's a way to do it that is both backward and forward compatible:
(And since it is 2019 so I will write in Kotlin)
/// #param folderName can be your app's name
private fun saveImage(bitmap: Bitmap, context: Context, folderName: String) {
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
val values = contentValues()
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/" + folderName)
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.IS_PENDING, true)
// RELATIVE_PATH and IS_PENDING are introduced in API 29.
val uri: Uri? = context.contentResolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values)
if (uri != null) {
saveImageToStream(bitmap, context.contentResolver.openOutputStream(uri))
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.IS_PENDING, false)
context.contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null)
}
} else {
val directory = File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString() + separator + folderName)
// getExternalStorageDirectory is deprecated in API 29
if (!directory.exists()) {
directory.mkdirs()
}
val fileName = System.currentTimeMillis().toString() + ".png"
val file = File(directory, fileName)
saveImageToStream(bitmap, FileOutputStream(file))
if (file.absolutePath != null) {
val values = contentValues()
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, file.absolutePath)
// .DATA is deprecated in API 29
context.contentResolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values)
}
}
}
private fun contentValues() : ContentValues {
val values = ContentValues()
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/png")
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED, System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_TAKEN, System.currentTimeMillis());
return values
}
private fun saveImageToStream(bitmap: Bitmap, outputStream: OutputStream?) {
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, outputStream)
outputStream.close()
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
}
EDIT: Not needed in Android 11+: (Also, before calling this, you need to have WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE first.)

Android: Read a file without external storage permission

I don't want my app to require any permissions, but I want the user to be able to select a file for reading. My app doesn't need arbitrary access to the filesystem. However, all openfiledialog implementations I have researched so far seem to assume permission to access external storage.
One workaround I can think of is to configure my app to be among the list of apps to open a certain type of file. I haven't tried this, but I hope this would work without permission to access external storage. However, user guidance would be less then ideal in this case. I would prefer a solution with a dialog and have the user pick the file.
I think this requirement does not undermine security, because the user has full control over the file my app can read. Is this possible somehow?

However, all openfiledialog implementations I have researched so far seem to assume permission to access external storage.
Set your minSdkVersion to 19, then use ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT, part of the Storage Access Framework.
Or, if you need your minSdKVersion to be below 19, use ACTION_GET_CONTENT on the older devices.
You will get a Uri back via onActivityResult(). Use a ContentResolver and methods like openInputStream() to consume the content identified by that Uri.
I haven't tried this, but I hope this would work without permission to access external storage
Only if you exclude file: Uri values. For example, an <intent-filter> that supports only content: Uri values would work.

Android 11 Resolve file access issue without use of MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE.
I have added code for get doc file and Upload to server.
AndroidManifest
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:preserveLegacyExternalStorage="true"
android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
</application>
Now, Add this lib in your project
https://github.com/FivesoftCode/FilePicker
Add below code to Activity/Fragment
FilePicker.from(activity)
.setFileTypes(FilePicker.IMAGE, FilePicker.VIDEO) //Set file types you want to pick.
.setAllowMultipleFiles(true) //Allow user to select multiple files
.setListener { files -> //Wait for results
if (files != null && files.size > 0) {
//Do something with uris.
for (items in files) {
val extension: String = getMimeType(activity!!,items)!!
if (extension == "pdf") {
val cacheDir: String = context!!.cacheDir.toString()
val getCopyFilePath = copyFileToInternalStorage(context!!,items,cacheDir)
Log.e("TAG", "getPathToUploadDoc: " + getCopyFilePath )
}
}
} else {
//Add msg here...
}
}
.setTitle("Pick a file from My Files")
.pick() //Open file picker
Add below method for get Mime Type
fun getMimeType(context: Context, uri: Uri): String? {
val extension: String?
//Check uri format to avoid null
extension = if (uri.scheme == ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT) {
//If scheme is a content
val mime = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton()
mime.getExtensionFromMimeType(context.contentResolver.getType(uri))
} else {
//If scheme is a File
//This will replace white spaces with %20 and also other special characters. This will avoid returning null values on file name with spaces and special characters.
MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(Uri.fromFile(File(uri.path)).toString())
}
return extension
}
fun getFiledetails(uri: Uri,context: Context,getCopyFilePath:String): NormalFile? {
// var result: String? = null
if (uri.scheme == "content") {
val cursor: Cursor = context.contentResolver.query(uri,
FileLoader.FILE_PROJECTION, null, null, null)!!
try {
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
// result = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME))
val path: String = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA))
if (path != null && path != "") {
//Create a File instance
cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(BaseColumns._ID))
// cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(BaseColumns._ID)).toInt()
cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.TITLE))
// cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA))
cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.SIZE))
cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATE_ADDED))
cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Files.FileColumns.MIME_TYPE))
}
}
} finally {
cursor.close()
}
}
/*if (result == null) {
result = uri.path
val cut = result!!.lastIndexOf('/')
if (cut != -1) {
result = result.substring(cut + 1)
}
}*/
return file
}
fun copyFileToInternalStorage(context: Context?,uri: Uri, newDirName: String): String? {
val returnCursor = context!!.contentResolver.query(
uri, arrayOf(
OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, OpenableColumns.SIZE
), null, null, null
)
/*
* Get the column indexes of the data in the Cursor,
* * move to the first row in the Cursor, get the data,
* * and display it.
* */
val nameIndex = returnCursor!!.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME)
val sizeIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.SIZE)
returnCursor.moveToFirst()
val name = returnCursor.getString(nameIndex)
val size = java.lang.Long.toString(returnCursor.getLong(sizeIndex))
val output: File
output = if (newDirName != "") {
val dir = File(/*context!!.filesDir.toString() + "/" +*/ newDirName)
if (!dir.exists()) {
dir.mkdir()
}
File(/*context!!.filesDir.toString() + "/" +*/ newDirName + "/" + name)
} else {
File(context!!.filesDir.toString() + "/" + name)
}
try {
val inputStream: InputStream? = context!!.contentResolver.openInputStream(uri)
val outputStream = FileOutputStream(output)
var read = 0
val bufferSize = 1024
val buffers = ByteArray(bufferSize)
while (inputStream?.read(buffers).also { read = it!! } != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read)
}
inputStream?.close()
outputStream.close()
} catch (e: Exception) {
Log.e("Exception", e.message!!)
}
return output.path
}
For upload Doc
implementation 'net.gotev:uploadservice:2.1'
var uploadId = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
val url = ServerConfig.MAIN_URL
uploadReceiver.setDelegate(this)
uploadReceiver.setUploadID(uploadId)
val data = MultipartUploadRequest(mContext, uploadId, url)
.addFileToUpload(path, "attachment")
.addHeader("Authentication", getMD5EncryptedString())
.addParameter(USER_ID,1)
.setMaxRetries(5)
.startUpload()
fun getMD5EncryptedString(): String {
val encTarget = ServerConfig.AUTHENTICATE_VALUE //Any pwd
var mdEnc: MessageDigest? = null
try {
mdEnc = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5")
} catch (e: NoSuchAlgorithmException) {
println("Exception while encrypting to md5")
e.printStackTrace()
}
mdEnc!!.update(encTarget.toByteArray(), 0, encTarget.length)
var md5 = BigInteger(1, mdEnc.digest()).toString(16)
while (md5.length < 32) {
md5 = "0$md5"
}
return md5
}