I already have mac addresses of the Bluetooth device that I need to connect to. I do not wish to ask for any location permission. when my app is launched I need to scan and connect to the Bluetooth device using the mac address that is specified. Companion Device pairing that has been introduced in the latest android version.. I do not wish to open a chooser and get the callback result in onActivityResult. If there is any other way I could route all the scanning done by the Companion Device.
deviceManager.associate(pairingRequest,
object : CompanionDeviceManager.Callback() {
// Called when a device is found. Launch the IntentSender so the user
// can select the device they want to pair with.
override fun onDeviceFound(chooserLauncher: IntentSender) {
startIntentSenderForResult(chooserLauncher,
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
}
override fun onFailure(error: CharSequence?) {
// Handle the failure.
}
}, null)
in the below code if there is any way I could use a different mechanism so that my scanning can happen and I get the result somewhere and it does not ask for a dialog box for the user to enter.
startIntentSenderForResult(chooserLauncher,
SELECT_DEVICE_REQUEST_CODE, null, 0, 0, 0)
or is there any way to use bluetooth functionality without asking for location permission?
If you already know the mac address there is no need to scan. You can use
BluetoothDevice device = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getRemoteDevice(macAddress)
val scanFilter = ScanFilter.Builder().setDeviceAddress(staticBtMac).build()
val ledeviceFilter: BluetoothLeDeviceFilter = BluetoothLeDeviceFilter.Builder()
.setScanFilter(scanFilter)
.build()
Before you create the pairingRequest above in AssociationRequest.Builder
You would
val pairingRequest: AssociationRequest = AssociationRequest.Builder()
.addDeviceFilter(ledeviceFilter)
.setSingleDevice(true)
This will not list devices but just a permission pop up dialog with ->
"Allow 'Appname' to access your 'BT ADV Device name'" [Allow] [Don't Allow] buttons. It looks slightly different depending on if its Pixel or Samsung or other phone but it comes down to simple yes/no.
There is also the
..setSelfManaged(true)
But this involves far more complexity and even more interaction with the framework.
If you really want to get into it you can see the actual code at https://cs.android.com/
Is there a way to test programatically that my phone's fingerprint sensor, works correctly?
I would like to be able to perform the test automatically, without enrolling my fingerprint and then trying to login with it to see if the sensor is working.
SDK 23 +
fun isHardwareSupported(context: Context): Boolean {
val fingerprintManager = FingerprintManagerCompat.from(context)
return fingerprintManager.isHardwareDetected
}
SDK 28+
fun isHardwareSupported(context: Context): Boolean {
val pm = context.packageManager
return pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_FINGERPRINT)
}
Another alternative is to use BiometricManager androidx Library
The method can be used to determine if biometric hardware is present and if the user is enrolled or not.
fun isHardwareSupported(context: Context): Boolean {
return BiometricManager.from(context).canAuthenticate() != BIOMETRIC_ERROR_HW_UNAVAILABLE)
}
Returns BIOMETRIC_ERROR_NONE_ENROLLED if the user does not have any enrolled, or BIOMETRIC_ERROR_HW_UNAVAILABLE if none are currently supported/enabled.
Returns BIOMETRIC_SUCCESS if a biometric can currently be used (enrolled and available). Value is BIOMETRIC_SUCCESS, BIOMETRIC_ERROR_HW_UNAVAILABLE, BIOMETRIC_ERROR_NONE_ENROLLED, or BIOMETRIC_ERROR_NO_HARDWARE
I have button that needs to get some data from a back-end server. The button is disabled while the device is not connected to WiFi/Mobile/Internet. The problem is that when pressing the WiFi button it takes some time till it actually connects (2-3 seconds). How to know when the devices is connecting so I can display a ProgressBar in that periode of time? Thanks
plenty of methods in THIS SO question. In short you should use BroadcastReceiver with IntentFilter with ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION action. Check out NetworkInfo.State DOC and pick appriopiate for reporting (create own listener with needed callbacks)
if you can afford only newer APIs then you can use NetworkCallback, in DOC you can see all methods, use appriopiate. But I doubt sadly due to Android fragmentation, still better way is mentioned first one.
Also remember that since Android N this broadcast won't fire when was declared in manifest, use Java examples and (un)register with Activity lifecycle
fun isInternetOncheck(context: Context): Boolean {
val cm = context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
val networkInfo = cm.activeNetworkInfo
return networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting
}
if (!NetworkCaller.isInternetOncheck(context!!)) {
println("no internet connection")
} else {
fetchDataFromServer()
}
fetchDataFromServer(){
showProgressbar()
......
......
//code for fetching data
......
......
hideProgressbar()
}
Background
I've noticed that in WifiManager class there is a function called addNetwork, that might be useful if I want to restore or save networks information (network name AKA SSID, together with the password and the type), so that I could also connect to it.
The problem
I can't find much information about how to do such a thing. I've seen various examples on StackOverflow, and if I target Android API 28 (or below), I indeed succeed to make it add a network and even connect to it.
When targeting Android 29 (Android Q), however, it fails to add the network.
What I've found
Since I'm trying on Pixel 2 with Android Q beta 4, I think that maybe it's because addNetwork is deprecated, so the docs even say so, and that if I target Android Q, it won't work, and indeed it doesn't work:
Compatibility Note: For applications targeting Build.VERSION_CODES.Q
or above, this API will always return -1.
The way it seems it should work up till Android Q (excluding), is by preparing WifiConfiguration and adding it. Later I can also connect to it if I wish. On Android Q, it seems it was replaced by WifiNetworkSuggestion, but it doesn't seem like it's about adding a network at all:
The Network Suggestion object is used to provide a Wi-Fi network for
consideration when auto-connecting to networks. Apps cannot directly
create this object, they must use
WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder#build() to obtain an instance of this
object.
Apps can provide a list of such networks to the platform using
WifiManager#addNetworkSuggestions(List).
Here's my current code, for pre-Android-Q
#WorkerThread
fun addNetwork(context: Context, networkName: String, networkPassword: String? = null, keyMgmt: Int = WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE) {
val wifiManager = context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
val conf = WifiConfiguration()
conf.SSID = "\"$networkName\""
conf.preSharedKey = if (networkPassword.isNullOrEmpty()) "" else "\"$networkPassword\""
conf.allowedKeyManagement.set(keyMgmt)
when (keyMgmt) {
WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK -> {
//WPA/WPA2
}
WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.IEEE8021X -> {
}
WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP -> {
}
WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE -> {
if (networkPassword.isNullOrEmpty()) {
//open network
conf.wepKeys[0] = "\"\""
} else {
//wep
conf.wepKeys[0] = "\"" + networkPassword + "\""
conf.wepTxKeyIndex = 0
conf.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40)
}
}
}
if (networkPassword.isNullOrEmpty()) {
//open network
conf.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE)
} else {
}
wifiManager.isWifiEnabled = true
while (!wifiManager.pingSupplicant()) {
Log.d("AppLog", "waiting to be able to add network")
}
val networkId = wifiManager.addNetwork(conf)
if (networkId == -1)
Log.d("AppLog", "failed to add network")
else {
wifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, false)
Log.d("AppLog", "success to add network")
}
}
Seems it requires only these permissions:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
But in any case, this works as long as you don't target Android Q (API 29) and above. When you target it, I indeed always get "-1" as a result, meaning it fails.
I've also found an issue on the issue tracker (here and I wrote about it here), telling about someone that needs the API back, but I'm not sure it's about adding a network.
Looking at WifiNetworkSuggestion, I don't see that it has as many things to set as WifiConfiguration via its builder, so this is another reason for why I suspect it's not about adding a network.
But I tried anyway. Here's the code I've tried, for example, to add a normal WPA network:
#WorkerThread
fun addNetworkAndroidQ(context: Context, networkName: String, networkPassword: String? = null) {
val wifiManager = context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE) as WifiManager
val list = ArrayList<WifiNetworkSuggestion>()
val builder = WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder().setSsid(networkName)
if (!networkPassword.isNullOrEmpty())
builder.setWpa2Passphrase(networkPassword)
list.add(builder.build())
val result = wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions(list)
if (result == WifiManager.STATUS_NETWORK_SUGGESTIONS_SUCCESS)
Log.d("AppLog", "success")
else Log.d("AppLog", "failed")
}
When running (I gave it my Wifi network details, after making the OS forget about it), it says it succeeded, but nothing occurred on the OS's Wifi settings. The network doesn't exist there with the password I've added. So I really don't get what it did...
After a few long seconds, I've noticed a notification asking me if it's ok to connect to the suggested networks made by the app:
But still when I chose that I accept, it didn't do anything, as before.
I tried to make another POC, thinking I might have done it incorrectly, but then it didn't even show the notification. Since I think this whole behavior is a bug, I've reported about it here.
Not only that, but I've found out that if indeed it is supposed to add a network one way or another, it still has some serious restrictions, such as max added networks (here) and being removed upon uninstall of the app (here)
The questions
How should Android Q be handled exactly? Is there really no API anymore to add a network?
If WifiNetworkSuggestion is not about adding a network, what is it really used for exactly?
Since I'm not familiar enough with the tidbits of adding a network, is my code correct about all possible ways to add a network? I ask this because someone wrote here that people should enable Wifi and make sure pingSupplicant returns true. Is it true? Or would it be enough to just call addNetwork ?
If it's now impossible to add a network using the normal API, is there maybe a solution by using a rooted device instead? Maybe some adb command?
EDIT: Not sure how to do it officially, but using adb, you might be able to add Wifi-networks on Android 11 . Need to check adb shell cmd wifi help .
I stuck with same issue, but somehow I reached a reproducible state for connecting a desired network and I want to share my findings it may helps.
As a summary:
You have to disable all auto connection before applying WifiNetworkSuggestion logic
For more details, Please read the following:
I used the following code (Similar to what you use):
private fun connectUsingNetworkSuggestion(ssid: String, password: String) {
val wifiNetworkSuggestion = WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
.setSsid(ssid)
.setWpa2Passphrase(password)
.build()
// Optional (Wait for post connection broadcast to one of your suggestions)
val intentFilter =
IntentFilter(WifiManager.ACTION_WIFI_NETWORK_SUGGESTION_POST_CONNECTION);
val broadcastReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {
if (!intent.action.equals(WifiManager.ACTION_WIFI_NETWORK_SUGGESTION_POST_CONNECTION)) {
return
}
showToast("Connection Suggestion Succeeded")
// do post connect processing here
}
}
registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, intentFilter)
lastSuggestedNetwork?.let {
val status = wifiManager.removeNetworkSuggestions(listOf(it))
Log.i("WifiNetworkSuggestion", "Removing Network suggestions status is $status")
}
val suggestionsList = listOf(wifiNetworkSuggestion)
var status = wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions(suggestionsList)
Log.i("WifiNetworkSuggestion", "Adding Network suggestions status is $status")
if (status == WifiManager.STATUS_NETWORK_SUGGESTIONS_ERROR_ADD_DUPLICATE) {
showToast("Suggestion Update Needed")
status = wifiManager.removeNetworkSuggestions(suggestionsList)
Log.i("WifiNetworkSuggestion", "Removing Network suggestions status is $status")
status = wifiManager.addNetworkSuggestions(suggestionsList)
}
if (status == WifiManager.STATUS_NETWORK_SUGGESTIONS_SUCCESS) {
lastSuggestedNetwork = wifiNetworkSuggestion
lastSuggestedNetworkSSID = ssid
showToast("Suggestion Added")
}
}
So here are the steps:
Install fresh version / Or remove all suggestion you added before
Make sure that you forgot all surrounding networks so your device won't auto-connect
Add wifi network suggestions list
Go to Wifi Settings to scan networks Or wait until next scan is running
A notification prompt will appear :
6. When you Press "Yes" the system will auto-connect with it via your app and internet will work normally. See the following:
Please note the following:
If you disconnect the network from Wifi Settings (i.e press disconnect bin icon in the following image) your network will be blocked for 24 hours from auto-connect even if you removed the suggested network using wifiManager.removeNetworkSuggestions(listOf(it)) and add it again. And even if you uninstall and install your app again
Unfortunately, this is limitation added by Android System as described here:
If the user uses the Wi-Fi picker to explicitly disconnect from one of the network suggestions when connected to it, then that network is blacklisted for 24 hours. During the blacklist period, that network will not be considered for auto-connection, even if the app removes and re-adds the network suggestion corresponding to the network.
If you uninstall the application while connected to suggested WiFi, the system will close the connection automatically.
In case you have multiple suggestion you can priorities them by using WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder().setPriority(<Priority Integer>) as mentioned here:
Specify the priority of this network among other network suggestions provided by the same app (priorities have no impact on suggestions by different apps). The higher the number, the higher the priority (i.e value of 0 = lowest priority).
In case you pressed "No" in notification prompt, you can change it from (Settings > Apps & notifications > Special App access > Wi-Fi Control > App name) as described here:
A user declining the network suggestion notification removes the CHANGE_WIFI_STATE permission from the app. The user can grant this approval later by going into the Wi-Fi control menu (Settings > Apps & notifications > Special App access > Wi-Fi Control > App name).
I wish I had answers to all of your questions because I'm currently struggling with similar issues.
After many hours I was finally able to connect to the desired network using this approach:
val wifiNetworkSpecifier = WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
.setSsid(ssid)
.setWpa2Passphrase(passphrase)
.setBssid(mac)
.build()
val networkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
.setNetworkSpecifier(wifiNetworkSpecifier)
.build()
val connectivityManager = applicationContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager?
connectivityManager?.requestNetwork(networkRequest, ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback())
You can receive a whole host of events through the ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback().
Looks like they've added support in Android 11(API 30) for adding network configuration that persists outside of the application scope and is saved as a system network configuration just like it was done with the deprecated WiFiManager method addNetwork. All you need to do is to use ACTION_WIFI_ADD_NETWORKS to show a system dialog that asks a user if he wants to proceed with adding a new Wifi suggestion to the system. This is how we start that dialog:
// used imports
import android.provider.Settings.ACTION_WIFI_ADD_NETWORKS
import android.provider.Settings.EXTRA_WIFI_NETWORK_LIST
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Intent
import android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSuggestion
// show system dialog for adding new network configuration
val wifiSuggestionBuilder = WifiNetworkSuggestion.Builder()
.setSsid("network SSID")
.build()
val suggestionsList = arraylistOf(wifiSuggestionBuilder)
val intent = new Intent(ACTION_WIFI_ADD_NETWORKS)
intent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(EXTRA_WIFI_NETWORK_LIST, suggestionsList);
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, 1000)
The dialog looks like this:
And then we just need to handle a result in onActivityResult method like this:
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
if (requestCode == 1000) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
// network succesfully added - User pressed Save
} else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
// failed attempt of adding network to system - User pressed Cancel
}
}
}
But as I've tested this code on Android devices that have older Android versions(lower then API30) installed I've got a crash every time I want it to show that dialog for adding a new network configuration. This is the crash:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity: android.content.ActivityNotFoundException: No Activity found to handle Intent { act=android.settings.WIFI_ADD_NETWORKS (has extras) }
Looks like the new way is not back-supported out of the box. So, for API30 we can use a new Intent action, for API 28 and below we can still use the old way of adding Networks, but for API29 we have some kind of gray area where I was not able to find a good solution yet. If anyone has an idea what else to do please share it with me. ;)
#Sebastian Helzer's answer works for me. I use java in my application. This may help java users...
WifiNetworkSpecifier wifiNetworkSpecifier = new WifiNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
.setSsid(ssid)
.setWpa2Passphrase(password)
.build();
NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
.setNetworkSpecifier(wifiNetworkSpecifier)
.build();
ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)this.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
connectivityManager.requestNetwork(networkRequest, new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback());
How to detect programatically if traffic is going through VPN without using intent to connect to VPNService. Is there some system call?
This works :
private boolean checkVPN() {
ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager) this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
return cm.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN).isConnectedOrConnecting();
}
It is possible to check it in Android API 21 an higher, but it seems doesn't work (on nexus 5 # 5.0.1, nexus 7 # 5.0.2). Why its not working?
Snippet of new API for check it (and all traffic is routed by vpn if connected):
#Inject
boolean checkVPN(ConnectivityManager connMgr) {
//don't know why always returns null:
NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN);
boolean isVpnConn = networkInfo == null ? false : networkInfo.isConnected();
return isVpnConn;
}
The Android OS is aware of when a VPN connection is active (as it shows an icon in the status bar for the duration of a VPN connection) but there is no public API method (which would appear on the VpnService) to check for an active connection.
Two solutions occur. If you are dealing with a specific situation where you know the network topology, run 'ping' to see if a particular IP address is available - use System.exec. the ping command is present on Android devices with stock ROMs, I've used it as part of a solution to to provide a more granular view of the state of a data connection (ip address not allocated, ip address allocated but can't access the internet, can access the internet)
A better solution would be to run a traceroute instead and analyse the output. I've not checked if traceroute is present on Android devices with stock ROMs, I'll edit this answer later with more complete information.
You can detect VPN with following code in android. Code will work in new and older version of android. Below code is in Kotlin.
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
if(checkVPNStatus()) {
Log.d("VPN-RAJ", "is VPN Connected YES")
} else {
Log.d("VPN-RAJ", "is VPN Connected NO")
}
}
private fun checkVPNStatus(): Boolean {
val connectivityManager = this.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
return if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
val network = connectivityManager.activeNetwork
val capabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(network)
Log.d("VPN-RAJ", "in New Android Version")
capabilities!= null && capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
} else {
Log.d("VPN-RAJ", "in Old Android Version")
connectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN)!!.isConnectedOrConnecting
}
}
}
I guess for most use-cases you want to check if the actively used network is using VPN instead of if just any network available is using VPN.
connectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN)
... is returning a NetworkInfo for an available VPN Network. This might not be the active Network! Instead you could use the following snippet to test if the active Network is using VPN:
Network activeNetwork = connectivityManager.getActiveNetwork();
NetworkCapabilities caps = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(activeNetwork);
boolean vpnInUse = caps.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);